Monitoring lipophilic toxins in seawater using dispersive liquid—liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
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Oller Ruiz, Ainhoa; Campillo Seva, Natalia; Hernández Córdoba, Manuel; Gilabert Cervera, Francisco Javier; Viñas López-Pelegrín, PilarÁrea de conocimiento
EcologíalPatrocinadores
This research was funded by the Spanish MICINN (PGC2018-098363-B-I00), the Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia (CARM, Fundación Séneca, Project 19888/GERM/15) and the European Commission (FEDER/ERDF). This research was also funded from the “Análisis y determinación de umbrales de riesgo por proliferaciones de fitoplancton potencialmente tóxico en aguas costeras del Mar Menor (segunda fase)” project by the Consejería de Agua, Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Medio Ambiente de la CARM and the European Commission (FEDER/ERDF).Fecha de publicación
2021Editorial
MDPICita bibliográfica
Oller-Ruiz, A.; Campillo, N.; Hernández-Córdoba, M.; Gilabert, J.; Viñas, P. Monitoring Lipophilic Toxins in Seawater Using Dispersive Liquid—Liquid Microextraction and Liquid Chromatography with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Toxins 2021, 13, 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010057Palabras clave
Lipophilic marine toxinsSeawater
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Liquid chromatography
Triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry
Resumen
The use of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) is proposed for the preconcentration of thirteen lipophilic marine toxins in seawater samples. For this purpose, 0.5 mL of methanol and 440 µL of chloroform were injected into 12 mL of sample. The enriched organic phase, once evaporated and reconstituted in methanol, was analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. A central composite design multivariate method was used to optimize the interrelated parameters affecting DLLME efficiency. The absence of any matrix effect in the samples allowed them to be quantified against aqueous standards. The optimized procedure was validated by recovery studies, which provided values in the 82–123% range. The detection limits varied between 0.2 and 5.7 ng L−1, depending on the analyte, and the intraday precision values were in the 0.1–7.5% range in terms of relative standard deviation. Ten water samples taken from different points of the Mar ...
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