Measurement of the broadband complex permittivity of soils in the frequency domain with a low-cost Vector Network Analyzer and an Open-Ended coaxial probe
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González Teruel, Juan Domingo; Jones, Scott B.; Robinson, David A.; Giménez Gallego, Jaime; Zornoza Belmonte, Raúl; [et al.]Área de conocimiento
EcologíalElectrónicaIngeniería EléctricaTecnología ElectrónicaTecnologías del Medio AmbientePatrocinadores
This research was funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), project numbers: AGL2016-77282-C3-3-R and PID2019-106226-C22 AEI/https:///https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 | Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional, grant numbers: FPU17/05155 and FPU19/00020. Funding for David A. Robinson was provided by a Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK–ScaPE Programme Delivering National Capability. We also acknowledge funding from the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange, grant number: PPI/APM/2018/1/00048/U/001. The authors wish to thank Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) for the funding provided. The authors also wish to thank Juan Antonio Albaladejo for his help in machining the experimental OE coaxial probe.Realizado en/con
Universidad Politécnica de CartagenaFecha de publicación
2022-03-08Editorial
ELSEVIERCita bibliográfica
Juan D. González-Teruel, Scott B. Jones, David A. Robinson, Jaime Giménez-Gallego, Raúl Zornoza, Roque Torres-Sánchez, Measurement of the broadband complex permittivity of soils in the frequency domain with a low-cost Vector Network Analyzer and an Open-Ended coaxial probe, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume 195, 2022, 106847, ISSN 0168-1699, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2022.106847.Revisión por pares
SIPalabras clave
Complex permittivitySoil spectroscopy
Frequency domain reflectometry
Soil moisture
Open-ended coaxial probe
nanoVNA
Low-cost instrument
Vector network analyzer
Dielectric dispersion
Resumen
The performance of a handheld Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), the nanoVNA, a low-cost, open-source instrument, was evaluated. The instrument measures the complex permittivity of dielectric media from 1-port reflection parameters in the 1 – 900 MHz bandwidth. We manufactured an open-ended coaxial probe using a SMA-N coaxial adapter to perform dielectric measurements. The accuracy of the nanoVNA was comparable to that of a commercial VNA between 1 and 500 MHz according to tests in reference organic liquids, while a lack of stability was found beyond 700 MHz. The self-manufactured open-ended coaxial probe was subjected to a Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis and its electromagnetic (EM) field penetration depth was determined to be 1.5 mm at 100 MHz, being reduced to 1.3 at 900 MHz and thus demonstrating a frequency-dependent support volume. The broadband complex permittivity of three mineral soils of varied textures was obtained for a range of bulk densities and water contents from dry to ...
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