Métodos y modelos para la gestión de cargas eléctricas residenciales en redes de distribución

Abstract

[SPA] El objetivo principal de esta tesis es el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas que permitan obtener y evaluar estrategias de Gestión de Cargas eléctricas residenciales. Con tal fin, se han implementado y validado modelos para simular el comportamiento eléctrico y térmico de cargas individuales; se ha seleccionado una técnica apropiada de agregación de estas cargas con la que estimar su evolución física conjunta; y, por último, se han generado y aplicado sobre estos grupos algoritmos para obtener estrategias de Gestión de Cargas, estudiando el efecto que dichas acciones provocan sobre las cargas desde dos puntos de vista: cliente -cambios en los patrones de consumo, en los servicios obtenidos ...- y empresa eléctrica -modificación del perfil de demanda, optimización de recursos ... -

[ENG] The main purpose of this thesis is the development of new tools to obtain and assess residential load control strategies. In this way, elemental load models to simulate electrical and thermal behaviors have been implemented and validated; an appropriate aggregation technique, based on kernel estimators, has been selected; and a load control strategy algorithm has been developed and applied on the air conditioning-heat pump individual loads, analyzing the control action effects from two viewpoints: customer (demand pattern changes, services…) and utility (resource optimization, profile demand modifications…). As a consequence, this integrated tool allows to know the flexibility degree of a specific residential demand profile, according to a target demand profile previously defined, by means of an optimum combination of forced connections and disconnections, taking into account the discomfort level maximum accepted by the customers. Electrical thermal storage appliances have also been studied. In this case, the day-valley periods are proposed as possible partial storage periods. This would involve to divide the actual storage periods into two partial periods, decreasing the thermal capacity necessities as well as the discharge period forecasts. A thermal study about this proposal has been developed, comparing the indoor temperatures in both cases. Finally, and taking into account the modifications suffered by the electrical market during these last years, the developed tools can be applied by utility and customer side, within an electrical sector (residential) which supposes around 25 per cent the total electrical demand.