Factores determinantes que explican el acceso a la financiación bancaria: un estudio empírico en empresas peruanas

Abstract

[SPA] El presente estudio analiza las causas del racionamiento de crédito en las micro y pequeñas empresas peruanas. Dado que en Perú se produce un especial problema en el acceso al crédito puesto que el sistema financiero no está plenamente desarrollado y las posibilidades de acceso al crédito bancario son menores que en otras economías. Para ello, se desarrolla un estudio empírico mediante una encuesta a una muestra de 158 micro y pequeñas empresas peruanas. Nuestro trabajo produce robustos resultados en cuanto a factores que influyen en el acceso a la financiación de las micro y pequeñas empresas en Perú. De forma que se identifican factores tangibles e intangibles como la certificación de calidad, el contar con buenos sistemas de gestión, el hacer planeamiento dentro de la empresa, hacer actividades de innovación, contar con directivos altamente calificados y con experiencia que le permitan a los prestatarios dar señales de la buena condición del negocio, y de los proyectos que presenta. La identificación de los factores que facilitan el acceso al crédito de las empresas ayudará a las mismas en la mejora de su competitividad, así como a los organismos gubernamentales a conocer qué políticas deben desarrollar para facilitar el acceso al crédito y una mayor eficacia del sistema financiero. [ENG] This study analyzes the causes of credit rationing in micro and small Peruvian companies. Given that in Peru there is a special problem in access to credit since the financial system is not fully developed and the possibilities of access to bank credit are lower than in other economies. For this, an empirical study is developed through a survey of a sample of 158 micro and small Peruvian companies. Our work produces robust results in terms of factors that influence the access to financing of micro and small enterprises in Peru. In this way, tangible and intangible factors are identified, such as quality certification, good management systems, planning within the company, innovation activities, highly qualified and experienced managers who can give signals to the borrowers of the good condition of the business, and the projects it presents. Identifying the factors that facilitate access to credit for companies will help them to improve their competitiveness, as well as government agencies to know what policies to develop to facilitate access to credit and greater efficiency of the financial system.

[ENG] This study analyzes the causes of credit rationing in micro and small Peruvian companies. Given that in Peru there is a special problem in access to credit since the financial system is not fully developed and the possibilities of access to bank credit are lower than in other economies. For this, an empirical study is developed through a survey of a sample of 158 micro and small Peruvian companies. Our work produces robust results in terms of factors that influence the access to financing of micro and small enterprises in Peru. In this way, tangible and intangible factors are identified, such as quality certification, good management systems, planning within the company, innovation activities, highly qualified and experienced managers who can give signals to the borrowers of the good condition of the business, and the projects it presents. Identifying the factors that facilitate access to credit for companies will help them to improve their competitiveness, as well as government agencies to know what policies to develop to facilitate access to credit and greater efficiency of the financial system.