Competitividad en las pequeñas y medianas empresas del distrito metopolitano de Quito

Abstract

[SPA] Basado en el modelo de competitividad planteado por el World Economic Forum (WEF) se pretende analizar, conocer y comparar el nivel de competitividad en las PYMES de los sectores priorizados: Turismo, Alimentos, Textil, Farmacéutico, Metalmecánico, Confección y Calzado en el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, de manera descriptiva y no experimental; la información se obtuvo a través del análisis documental y encuestas. Para determinar el nivel de competitividad y conocer la realidad de las PYMES se realizó la caracterización de los sectores, determinando la importancia de éstos para la transformación de la matriz productiva. El índice de competitividad se obtiene con el cálculo de tres subíndices, que están formados por doce pilares, cada uno de ellos compuesto por variables establecidas según el sector analizado. Se plantea estrategias para mejorar la competitividad, alineadas al cambio de la matriz productiva, encaminadas hacia la transformación de materias primas a producto final que podría ser exportado y, de esta manera, agregar valor en beneficio del sector industrial del Ecuador. Existe la posibilidad de realizar el estudio al resto de sectores priorizados y en todas las provincias del país.

[ENG] The present investigation analyzes, knows and compares the level of competitiveness in the Small and Medium Enterprises of the prioritized sectors in the change of the productive matrix: Tourism, Food, Textile, Pharmaceutical, Metalworking, Clothing and Footwear in the Metropolitan District of Quito. This study is based on the competitiveness model proposed by the World Economic Forum (WEF). The study is non-experimental descriptive. The methods to obtain the data were the documentary analysis and surveys to obtain the soft data required by the WEF method. To determine the level of competitiveness and know the reality of SMEs, the characterization of the sectors was carried out, determining the importance of these for the transformation of the productive matrix, the competitiveness index according to the methodology is obtained with the calculation of 3 sub-indices, which are formed by 12 pillars and each pillar composed of variables established according to the sector analyzed. From the research of the current situation of SMEs and the determination of the level of sectoral competitiveness strategies for the national industry, with the vision of achieving better levels of competitiveness, these strategies are alienated to the change of the productive matrix, to search so that Ecuador stops being a producer of only raw material and becomes an exporter of final products with added value, benefiting both the business sector and Ecuador. The research could be extended by including the remaining sectors and the left provinces from Ecuador.